## main29

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    // main29.cc is a part of the PYTHIA event generator.
    // Copyright (C) 2024 Torbjorn Sjostrand.
    // PYTHIA is licenced under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING for details.
    // Please respect the MCnet Guidelines, see GUIDELINES for details.

    // Keywords:
    //            Colour reconnection
    //            Hadronization
    //            Top mass

    // Omnibus version for colour reconnection (CR) effect studies.

    // Links to two UserHooks that, along with the internal models,
    // implement all the models used for the top mass study in
    // S. Argyropoulos and T. Sjostrand,
    // arXiv:1407.6653 [hep-ph] (LU TP 14-23, DESY 14-134, MCnet-14-15)

    // Warning: some small modifications have been made when collecting
    // the models, but nothing intended to change the behaviour.
    // Note: the move model is also available with ColourReconnection:mode = 2,
    // while the ColourReconnection:mode = 1 model has not been used here.
    // Note: the new models tend to be slower than the default CR scenario,
    // since they have to probe many more reconnection possibilities.

    // Important: the top mass shift analysis encoded here is very primitive,
    // does not perform well at all, and should not be taken seriously.
    // The important part is that you see how the different scenarios
    // should be set up to operate as intended.

    #include "Pythia8/Pythia.h"
    #include "Pythia8Plugins/ColourReconnectionHooks.h"

    using namespace Pythia8;

    //==========================================================================

    int main() {

      // Number of events to generate.
      // Warning: much statistics is needed for significant results,
      // so this is just an appetizer. Anyway, the reconstruction is
      // pretty lousy, so not useful for real studies.
      int nEvent = 250;

      // Target t and W masses.
      double mT = 173.3;
      double mW = 80.385;

      // Set up anti-kT jet finder.
      double Rjet = 0.5;
      double pTjetMin = 20.;
      SlowJet sJet( -1, Rjet, pTjetMin);

      // Loop over different reconnection scenarios.
      for (int mLoop = 0; mLoop < 14; ++mLoop) {
      cout << "\n\n ================================ Now begin mLoop = "
           << mLoop << " ================================\n" << endl;

        // Generator at 8 TeV LHC.
        Pythia pythia;
        Event& event = pythia.event;
        pythia.readString("Beams:eCM = 8000.");

        // q qbar, g g -> t tbar.
        pythia.readString("Top:qqbar2ttbar = on");
        pythia.readString("Top:gg2ttbar = on");

        // Colour reconnection setups.
        shared_ptr<UserHooks> myUserHooks;

        // Tuning parameters for CR scenarios have tune 4C as a starting point.
        pythia.readString("Tune:pp = 5");

        // No reconnection at all.
        if (mLoop == 0) {
          pythia.readString("ColourReconnection:reconnect = off");
          pythia.readString("PartonLevel:earlyResDec = off");
          pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 2.30");

        // Standard reconnection, but top decay products unaffected.
        } else if (mLoop == 1) {
          pythia.readString("ColourReconnection:reconnect = on");
          pythia.readString("PartonLevel:earlyResDec = off");

        // Standard reconnection, including top decay products.
        } else if (mLoop == 2) {
          pythia.readString("ColourReconnection:reconnect = on");
          pythia.readString("PartonLevel:earlyResDec = on");

        // New gluon swap and move scenarios, including top decay products.
        // (Note: the move scenario is also implemented internally.)
        } else if (mLoop >= 3 && mLoop <= 8) {
          pythia.readString("ColourReconnection:reconnect = off");
          pythia.readString("PartonLevel:earlyResDec = off");
          // Swap (mode = 1) or move (2), and flip (1, 2) or not (0).
          int mode = (mLoop <= 5) ? 1 : 2;
          int flip = ( mLoop - 3 * mode) % 3;
          // Possibilities to vary effects by further parameters.
          double dLamCut   = 0.;
          double fracGluon = 1.;
          if ( mode == 1 ) {
            if ( flip > 0 )
                 pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 2.20");
            else pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 2.30");
          }
          else {
            if ( flip > 0 )
                 pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 2.15");
            else pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 2.25");
          }
          myUserHooks = make_shared<MBReconUserHooks>(mode, flip, dLamCut,
            fracGluon);
          pythia.setUserHooksPtr( myUserHooks);

        // New scenaros that do top reconnections separately from normal one.
        // =  9: reconnect with random background gluon;
        // = 10: reconnect with nearest (smallest-mass) background gluon;
        // = 11: reconnect with furthest (largest-mass) background gluon;
        // = 12: reconnect with smallest (with sign) lambda measure shift;
        // = 13: reconnect only if reduced lamda, and then to most reduction.
        } else if (mLoop >= 9 && mLoop <= 13) {
          pythia.readString("ColourReconnection:reconnect = on");
          pythia.readString("PartonLevel:earlyResDec = off");
          // Possibility with reduced reconnection strength.
          double strength = ( mLoop == 13 ) ? 1. : 0.075;
          myUserHooks = make_shared<TopReconUserHooks>(mLoop - 8, strength);
          pythia.setUserHooksPtr( myUserHooks);
        }

        // Simplify generation. For tryout only.
        //pythia.readString("ProcessLevel:resonanceDecays = off");
        //pythia.readString("PartonLevel:ISR = off");
        //pythia.readString("PartonLevel:FSR = off");
        //pythia.readString("PartonLevel:MPI = off");
        //pythia.readString("BeamRemnants:primordialKT = off");
        //pythia.readString("HadronLevel:all = off");

        // Top and W masses. Semileptonic top decay chosen by W decay.
        // (One of two charge states, so properly ought to symmetrize.)
        // Trick: only allow decay to stable tau, standing in for e and mu
        // as well, but the tau is easy to remove before jet finding.
        pythia.readString("6:m0 = 173.3");
        pythia.readString("24:m0 = 80.385");
        pythia.readString("24:onPosIfAny = 1 2 3 4 5");
        pythia.readString("24:onNegIfAny = 15");
        pythia.readString("24:offIfAny = 11 13");
        pythia.readString("15:mayDecay = off");

        // Reduce printout.
        pythia.readString("Init:showChangedParticleData = off");
        pythia.readString("Next:numberShowInfo = 0");
        pythia.readString("Next:numberShowProcess = 0");
        pythia.readString("Next:numberShowEvent = 0");
        pythia.readString("Next:numberCount = 100000");

        // Initialize.
        pythia.init();

        // Histograms for current scenario.
        Hist nRecH(  "number of top reconnections",  100, -0.5, 99.5);
        Hist nchH(   "charged multiplicity",         100,  -1., 799.);
        Hist nJetH(  "jet multiplicity",              20, -0.5, 19.5);
        Hist mWH(    "reconstructed W mass",         100,  40., 140.);
        Hist mTH(    "reconstructed t mass",         100, 120., 220.);
        Hist mWerrH( "reconstructed W mass error",   100, -10.,  10.);
        Hist mTerrH( "reconstructed t mass error",   100, -20.,  20.);
        Hist pTTH(   "reconstructed pT_t",            11,   0., 275.);
        Hist mTpTH(  "reconstructed delta-m_t(pT_t)", 11,   0., 275.);

        // Begin event loop. Generate event. Skip if error.
        for (int iEvent = 0; iEvent < nEvent; ++iEvent) {
          if (!pythia.next()) continue;

          // Charged multiplicity.
          int nch = 0;
          for (int i = 0; i < event.size(); ++i)
            if (event[i].isFinal() && event[i].isCharged()) ++nch;
          nchH.fill(nch);

          // Remove tau leptons. (Recall: they were put stable, so simple.)
          for (int i = 0; i < event.size(); ++i)
            if (event[i].idAbs() == 15) event[i].statusNeg();

          // Find number of jets. At least four to keep going.
          sJet.analyze(event);
          int nJet = sJet.sizeJet();
          nJetH.fill( nJet);
          if (nJet < 4) continue;

          // Find two jets that form mass closest to mW.
          int i1min     = 0;
          int i2min     = 0;
          double m12min = 0.;
          double diff   = 1e10;
          for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nJet - 1; ++i1)
          for (int i2 = i1 + 1; i2 < nJet; ++i2) {
            double m12 = (sJet.p(i1) + sJet.p(i2)).mCalc();
            if (abs(m12 - mW) < diff) {
              i1min  = i1;
              i2min  = i2;
              m12min = m12;
              diff   = abs(m12 - mW);
            }
          }
          mWH.fill( m12min);
          mWerrH.fill( m12min - mW);

          // Only keep going if within +-5 GeV.
          if (abs(m12min - mW) > 5.) continue;

          // Find third jet that forms mass closest to mT.
          int i3min      = 0;
          double m123min = 0.;
          diff           = 1e10;
          for (int i3 = 0; i3 < nJet; ++i3)
          if (i3 != i1min && i3 != i2min) {
            double m123 = (sJet.p(i1min) + sJet.p(i2min) + sJet.p(i3)).mCalc();
            if (abs(m123 - mT) < diff) {
              i3min   = i3;
              m123min = m123;
              diff    = abs(m123 - mT);
            }
          }
          mTH.fill( m123min);
          mTerrH.fill( m123min - mT);

          // Only keep going if within +-20 GeV.
          if (abs(m123min - mT) > 20.) continue;

          // Study top pT and dependence of top mass error.
          double pTT = (sJet.p(i1min) + sJet.p(i2min) + sJet.p(i3min)).pT();
          if (pTT > 250.) pTT = 260.;
          pTTH.fill( pTT);
          mTpTH.fill( pTT, m123min - mT);

        // End of event loop. Statistics. Histograms.
        }
        pythia.stat();
        mTpTH /= pTTH;
        cout <<  nchH << nJetH << mWH << mTH << mWerrH
             << mTerrH << pTTH << mTpTH;

        // End loop over top colour reconnection scenarios.
      }

      // Done.
      return 0;
    }