## main69

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    // main69.cc is a part of the PYTHIA event generator.
    // Copyright (C) 2024 Torbjorn Sjostrand.
    // PYTHIA is licenced under the GNU GPL v2 or later, see COPYING for details.
    // Please respect the MCnet Guidelines, see GUIDELINES for details.

    // Authors:
    //            Ilkka Helenius

    // Keywords:
    //            Photon beam
    //            Photoproduction
    //            Photon‑photon

    // Main program to generate charged hadron spectra from photon-initiated
    // hard processes, by combining sub-runs with direct or resolved photons
    // or by generating all with contributions in a single run.

    // In case of photon-photon interactions four different contributions are
    // present:              ProcessType:
    //  - resolved-resolved  1
    //  - resolved-direct    2
    //  - direct-resolved    3
    //  - direct-direct      4
    // Events can be generated either with photon beams or with photons emitted
    // from lepton beams.

    // In case of photon-proton interaction two contributions are present
    //  - resolved
    //  - direct
    // When the photon is from beam A the relevant contributions are
    // set with "Photon:ProcessType" values 1 (resolved) and 3 (direct) as the
    // convention follows the photon-photon case above.
    // Also lepton->photon + proton can be generated.

    #include "Pythia8/Pythia.h"

    using namespace Pythia8;

    int main() {

      // Generator.
      Pythia pythia;

      // Decrease the output.
      pythia.readString("Init:showChangedSettings = off");
      pythia.readString("Init:showChangedParticleData = off");
      pythia.readString("Next:numberCount = 0");
      pythia.readString("Next:numberShowInfo = 0");
      pythia.readString("Next:numberShowProcess = 0");
      pythia.readString("Next:numberShowEvent = 0");

      // Shorthand for some public members of pythia (also static ones).
      Settings& settings  = pythia.settings;
      const Info& info = pythia.info;

      // Photon-proton collisions.
      bool photonProton         = false;

      // Generate photon-photon events in leptonic or photon beams.
      bool photonsFromElectrons = false;

      // Each contributions separately or in a one combined run.
      bool automaticMix         = true;

      // Optionally use different PDFs from LHAPDF for hard process.
      // Requires linkin with LHAPDF5.
      // pythia.readString("PDF:useHard = on");
      // pythia.readString("PDF:GammaHardSet = LHAPDF5:SASG.LHgrid/5");

      // Beam parameters.
      pythia.readString("Beams:eCM = 200.");

      // Set up beam particles for electron -> photon + proton.
      if ( photonProton) {
        if ( photonsFromElectrons) {
          pythia.readString("Beams:idA = 11");
          pythia.readString("Beams:idB = 2212");
          pythia.readString("PDF:beamA2gamma = on");

        // Set up beam particles for photon + proton.
        } else {
          pythia.readString("Beams:idA = 22");
          pythia.readString("Beams:idB = 2212");
        }

      // Set up beam particles for photon-photon in e+e-.
      } else if ( photonsFromElectrons) {
        pythia.readString("Beams:idA = -11");
        pythia.readString("Beams:idB =  11");
        pythia.readString("PDF:beamA2gamma = on");
        pythia.readString("PDF:beamB2gamma = on");

      // Set up beam particles for photon-photon.
      } else {
        pythia.readString("Beams:idA = 22");
        pythia.readString("Beams:idB = 22");
      }

      // Cuts on photon virtuality and invariant mass of gamma-gamma/hadron pair.
      if ( photonsFromElectrons) {
        pythia.readString("Photon:Q2max = 1.0");
        pythia.readString("Photon:Wmin  = 10.0");
      }

      // For photon-proton increase pT0Ref (for better agreement with HERA data).
      // Photon-photon has a new default pT0 parametrization tuned to LEP data.
      if ( photonProton)
        pythia.readString("MultipartonInteractions:pT0Ref = 3.00");

      // Limit partonic pThat.
      settings.parm("PhaseSpace:pTHatMin", 5.0);

      // Reset statistics after each subrun.
      pythia.readString("Stat:reset = on");

      // Parameters for histograms.
      double pTmin = 0.0;
      double pTmax = 40.0;
      int nBinsPT  = 40;

      // Initialize the histograms.
      Hist pTtot("Total charged hadron pT distribution", nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);
      Hist pTresres("Resolved-resolved contribution for pT distribution",
        nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);
      Hist pTresdir("Resolved-direct contribution for pT distribution",
        nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);
      Hist pTdirres("Direct-resolved contribution for pT distribution",
        nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);
      Hist pTdirdir("Direct-direct contribution for pT distribution",
        nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);
      Hist pTiRun("Contribution from Run i for pT distribution",
        nBinsPT, pTmin, pTmax);

      // Initialize hard QCD processes with 0, 1, or 2 initial photons.
      pythia.readString("HardQCD:all = on");
      pythia.readString("PhotonParton:all = on");
      if ( !photonProton) {
        pythia.readString("PhotonCollision:gmgm2qqbar = on");
        pythia.readString("PhotonCollision:gmgm2ccbar = on");
        pythia.readString("PhotonCollision:gmgm2bbbar = on");
      }

      // Number of runs.
      int nRuns = photonProton ? 2 : 4;
      if (automaticMix) nRuns = 1;

      // Number of events per run.
      int nEvent = 10000;

      // Loop over relevant processes.
      for ( int iRun = 1; iRun < nRuns + 1; ++iRun) {

        // Turn of MPIs for processes with unresolved photons.
        if (iRun == 2) pythia.readString("PartonLevel:MPI = off");

        // For photon+proton direct contribution with processType = 3.
        if (photonProton && iRun == 2) iRun = 3;

        // Set the type of gamma-gamma process:
        // 0 = mix of all below,
        // 1 = resolved-resolved,
        // 2 = resolved-direct,
        // 3 = direct-resolved,
        // 4 = direct-direct.
        if (automaticMix) settings.mode("Photon:ProcessType", 0);
        else              settings.mode("Photon:ProcessType", iRun);

        // Initialize the generator.
        pythia.init();

        // Clear the histogram.
        pTiRun.null();

        // Begin event loop. Skip if fails.
        for (int iEvent = 0; iEvent < nEvent; ++iEvent) {

          // Generate next event.
          if (!pythia.next()) continue;

          // List the first process and event for each run.
          if (iEvent == 0) {
            pythia.process.list();
            pythia.event.list();
          }

          // Possible event weights.
          double weight = info.weight();

          // Loop over event record and find charged final state particles.
          for (int i = 0; i < pythia.event.size(); ++i){
            if ( pythia.event[i].isFinal() && pythia.event[i].isCharged() ) {

              // Store the pT value.
              double pTch = pythia.event[i].pT();

              // Fill the correct histogram depending on the process type.
              if (automaticMix) {
                pTtot.fill(pTch, weight);
                if (info.photonMode() == 1) pTresres.fill(pTch, weight);
                if (info.photonMode() == 2) pTresdir.fill(pTch, weight);
                if (info.photonMode() == 3) pTdirres.fill(pTch, weight);
                if (info.photonMode() == 4) pTdirdir.fill(pTch, weight);
              } else {
                pTiRun.fill(pTch, weight);
              }
            }
          }
        } // End of event loop.

        // Show statistics after each run.
        pythia.stat();

        // Normalize to cross section [mb].
        double sigmaNorm = info.sigmaGen() / info.weightSum();
        double pTBin     = (pTmax - pTmin) / (1. * nBinsPT);

        // For mix of all contributions normalize with total cross section.
        if (automaticMix) {
          pTtot    *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;
          pTresres *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;
          pTresdir *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;
          pTdirres *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;
          pTdirdir *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;

        // For each contribution normalize with cross section for the given run.
        } else {
          pTiRun *= sigmaNorm / pTBin;
          if (iRun == 1) pTresres = pTiRun;
          if (iRun == 2) pTresdir = pTiRun;
          if (iRun == 3) pTdirres = pTiRun;
          if (iRun == 4) pTdirdir = pTiRun;
          pTtot += pTiRun;
        }

      // End of loop over runs.
      }

      // Print histograms.
      cout << pTresres << pTresdir << pTdirres << pTdirdir << pTtot;

      // Done.
      return 0;
    }